Nutritional Values of Meals Provided By Day Nurseries To 3-5year Essay

Dietary benefits of Meals Provided By Day Nurseries To 3-5year Children - Essay Example This exposition focuses on that the essential wellspring of information for this exploration will be data assembled from interviews directed and visits to a few neighborhood day care focuses. The administrators and laborers of various nurseries will be met for the kinds of and substance of suppers gave to kids. By looking at the food nature of various day care focuses and furthermore the food nature of the nurseries with the suggested day by day recompense of essential supplements, deductions can be drawn about the dietary benefit of dinners gave by nurseries. On moral grounds, endorsement for the examination will initially be looked for from the applicable Institutional Review Boards. Privacy will be guaranteed and individual data won't be gathered. The information gathered from the meetings and visits to the examined nurseries will be dissected subjectively to determine the healthy benefits of dinners gave in various day care focuses, regardless of whether this is adequate and if there is a connection between the kind of day care focus and the dietary benefit of the suppers gave. This investigation is significant, as it will build up the adequacy or in any case of the multiplying day care focuses in sufficiently supporting the youthful populace of this nation endowed to their consideration. It will likewise try to set up if there is any connection between sort of day care focus and the nature of care they give, this data will enormously help guardians in picking the best nursery for the youngsters.

Natural Disaster and Global Warming free essay sample

Since the mechanical insurgency during the eighteenth Century, individuals have consistently improved their profitability with innovation. Industrialization changed people groups lives from multiple points of view. While it produced a time of thriving, it likewise carried numerous issues to our general public, a significant number of which we are simply finding today. The most significant issue began by the mechanical transformation is a critical increment in Carbon Dioxide discharge, which prompts a worldwide temperature alteration. Globe warming achieves different characteristic disasters.The most huge calamity is the ascending of ocean level. An Earth-wide temperature boost builds the liquefying of the polar ice tops, which realizes an ascent in ocean level. As ocean level ascents, islands close to the ocean level sink into the ocean. Occupants on these islands lose their cherished homes, and are compelled to live in outcast camps. The quantity of ecological exile is quickly expanding. The present number of natural displaced person is thirty 3,000,000, more various than the twenty 5,000,000 political and war exile. We will compose a custom article test on Cataclysmic event and Global Warming or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page An Earth-wide temperature boost prompts very climate conditions, for example, typhoons, floods, tornados, and acids downpour. As indicated by United Nation insights office, the recurrence and size of announced calamity is on the ascent. Among the most noticeably terrible is storm Katrina in 2005 when1836 individuals lost their lives, and a great many individuals lost their home. The storm is assessed to be liable for 81. 2 billion U. S. dollars in harm. A worldwide temperature alteration causes the elimination of numerous species. The polar ice tops have been softening at alarming velocity. As the ice top dissolving, there are less places for bear to live rather more water encompassing them. It makes bear more enthusiastically to discover food. Polar bears will vanish if the ice keeps on liquefying at this speed. Since we have realized the a worldwide temperature alteration have brought us such a large number of pulverization, how to successfully lessen it become pivotal. As per article Kyoto Accord Kyoto Accord is a universal arrangement whereby nations consent to diminish the measure of ozone depleting substances they transmit if their neighbors do likewise.It is an exceptionally intricate understanding that permits exchanging contamination credits. In the event that it is less expensive to lessen discharges in nation An, at that point nation B can purchase the contamination credits, and have them tally toward its own quantity of decreases. Joyfully, the worldwide environment couldn't care less where the ozone harming substance decreases originate from. This is smart thought for all nations to dispose of carbon dioxide emanations. Lamentably, a large portion of the nation, for example, United State, China, Korea, etc has not marked it yet.Why the vast majority of the nations would not sign the bargain? The primary explanation might be specialists are excessively nearby. I convince that all nations don't simply think their own nation advantage and decline to consent to the arrangement, all the government officials should consider spare our earth for our posterity. Since we live on one planet, we share a similar earth, we should help one another, and the First World should loosen up their companion hand to the Third World to abstain from doing likewise error to the earth.On the other hand, Canada has consented to the arrangement, this give us trust. Further more, there are some fruitful activities, for example, Mayor of San Francisco; San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom is the pioneer in green activities. He had planed to utilize clean vitality in transportation, structures and natural equity, likewise, the city has achieved from 2004 to 2008. The arrangement incorporates seven classifications. Sustainable and proficient vitality; Climate activity; Clean transportation; Green structure; Zero waste; Environmental justice.San Francisco has worked superbly in the previous 4 years and settled a genuine model for us all. This truly is a support for natural specialist. Simultaneously we should figure what we can accomplish for spare our condition. We should consider our eco-impression, put forth a valiant effort to spare the constrained assets on the earth, for instance, turn off the light when sunlight is sufficiently splendid; Drying garments preferably hung over utilizing drier; don't cook the food that need long time, etc. Upsetting Natural Balance-Over Exploitation

Alien in America

Alien in America Last weekend, I wrote “A Guide to Farmers Markets. Here’s what I wrote when I shared that post on social media: In Colorado, we only had farmers markets in the summer. It reminded me that summer was special, special because it was short and seasonal things only lasted so long. Life can be like that too. You have to appreciate small things when they happen, while theyre there. Like fresh vegetables. Actually, I personally think vegetables are a *big deal*, but anyway, my point is, I dont think people should deny themselves happiness when they can find itespecially when, in this day and age, bad news is always a mouse-click away. Rather than say that you shouldnt be happy because others are suffering, I would say, take time for yourself, because otherwise its hard to be healthy, and when unhealthy, its hard to be helpful, to actually take action or get involved and have an impact on what you want to change. I spend a lot of time reading articles and opinion editorials about a lot of our frightening modern day issues, and I spent a lot of time thinking about writing one or trying to contribute, to do the work to untangle my thoughts and express the frustration or the whatever else was in there. But sometimes, you just need to eat snap peas, and write about that too. So, today is a day for writing about vegetables. Ben and Vincent wrote two beautiful posts about the current feelings of black people throughout the United States (read Bens post and Vincents post). I read both of them when I woke up yesterday morningfinally, as Id been avoiding a lot of the news and think pieces and editorials for quite a while. And after reading them, I thought to myself, simply, its time. But then, when I started typing up a draft for this post on my phone (which was originally going to be a very different post) Icouldnt do it. I really just couldn’t. I began thinking about the type of things that you dont think about often in order to function and go about your daily life, the way some people try not to think about the inevitability of death. I put my feet over the edge of my bunk bed and just stared out of the windows of Phi Kappa Theta. Physical things. Reality. There is safety in thatthat is why I decided to write about vegetables instead. That is why I am a mechanical engineer, I suppose. I dont have the energy to spend my life fighting issues that seem so unsolvable. More unsolvable than automated machines, more unsolvable than all the projects and research questions Ive ever proposed or worked on. I didnt want to think about how my entire life I have felt like an alien. How even my parents and my familythough I love them very muchcould never quite understand why I got so frustrated with not belonging anywhere. Rachel Dolezal tried to pass for something she is not.   My whole life, I have simply been trying to pass for who I am. Whenever I write those wordstype them, say them, speak themI feel a weight in my stomach drop. My parents could not quite understand why I would get so upset when strangers on the street in Ethiopia would yell China China! or when just a month ago, in Nanjing, some creepy guy was saying, are you African? African American? and I responded, ??!??????!   literally denying part of myself because I hate the feeling of not belonging, and then he was talking to me (or trying to) for a good mile while I was walking. In the place where I was born and raised and lived for 20 years, I also feel alien. I have spent 20 years denying parts of myself to make it simpler for others to understand. Everything is small and laughable, like people saying “haha your name is salami! It’s like a piece of lunch meat!” and I cried when I was 5 years old in the middle of my preschool playground, everything is small and laughable, Except for, That time that my brother, a scrawny 6th grader less than a hundred pounds who had so little muscle mass I regularly pinned him to the ground while fighting or defeated him by sitting on him, was refused a ride home from a friend’s mom because “he could hurt someone”. Except for, Four years of my life, when everyone at my high school literally forgot I was a black person. (“lol, there’s only half a black person in our AP Calculus class” “really, who?” “umme?” “OH but you’re basically asian bc your so good at school lol”) until I got into MIT (“it’s only because she’s blackI wish I was ‘half black’ too’”). What happened to the model minority myth and being good at math and playing piano and being told I had no right to say anything about being black because I wasn’t *really black*? What happened to when I got angry, someone said “oh look, I made Selam’s inner black woman come out!” and “you’re not really black anyway, I can say ‘nigga’ because I have black friends on the football team”. What happened to that? Except for, There was a kid named Miles at my high school who often said things like “What’s Ethiopian food taste like? It’s either nothing, or tastes like the food donated from all the other countries, haha!” and when I got upset, “you know it’s just a joke, I’m not really a bad guy”. THEN HE WON A KINDNESS AWARD. A KINDNESS AWARD. When I was 12 there was some family drama, and I tried to run away from home. I got about five blocks away before my mother caught me. I had never felt more alien in my entire life. I had never had a country, but I at least had peoplefamily, right? And then I felt like I didn’t even have that. Some more family drama happened in the spring, and I stared at the Charles River. I thought about jumping in and swimming in it. I just wondered what it would feel like to feel cold, March river water seeping into my heavy coat, covering my skin, shocking my nerve endings. Reality. The physical. Facts that no one can take away from you, that no one can distort with words, that no one can argue out of the way simply because they are better at arguing: It is March. Water is cold. The Charles River is in front of me. There is a chip in the sidewalk. And There is a small rock in my shoe. In Fall 2016, University of Missouri happened and Yale happened, and I was glad I was at MIT. I wrote a post, “Colors”, where I expressed pride in the efforts of MIT students and administration. Little did I know how many bigots there were at MIT as wellyes, bigots. I have written many posts on the many amazing people at MIT, and I stand by them. But there are bigoted, subtly and unsubtly racist people here as well. Sadly, many more than I initially thought. One of my good friends, Netsanet (name changed) is an Ethiopian born in the United States, but lived her whole life in Africa. Though I find it difficult to cope with the complexities of US racial tensions, I didn’t realize until I met her and heard her story that I had been doing, all this time, exactly thatcoping. I was trained, in a way, from preschool to college. I had an armory in my head full of counterarguments, of examples, and most of all, patience and experience. Netsanet, like Vincent, comes from a country of black people, where “black” is neither a useful adjective when describing people nor a word so charged with meaning in daily conversation. Netsanet was floored when she came to MIT. She, at first, experienced all the little things Ben talked about. Things that weren’t huge, but made her uncomfortablethings that are more “borderline” and more difficult to explain when you say they make you feel uncomfortable. She would regularly hear a particular person in the lounge pointing “black” out in what always seemed to be a negative tone, or just a weird way. “and today I saw two black women in the subway who were going ham on two bags of McDonalds each and it was disgusting!” (while watching the music video for “Pillow Talk”) “who is that random black women dancing? Yum!” It even extended to other groups of people: “Haha, everyone knows Asian girls have no butts.” Netsanet felt it was strange, and dangerous. If they were white, she thought, would they just have been “women” instead of “black women”? Once, he said something so out of line that even the other people in her lounge said “woah” and “hey, that’s not cool” and he turned to Netsanet, looked at her, and said “well, you’re black, what do you think about it?” She told me that was a point where she felt the most ostracized, hurt, and upset. She just said “Why are you pointing me out? What am I supposed to say?” and walked away. Her floormates would regularly discuss how they didn’t believe that racism was still alive and other such topics in the lounge, and often said things that she felt uncomfortable with. They once took a picture and said, “oh good, we have at least one black person!” and Netsanet squirmedshe didn’t feel black. She was African. Was she black, too? Once they had a debate about whether saying the n-word was ok. She began to realize that a lot of people didn’t understand and didn’t care, that they did not treat her as an individual. If another black person or person of color said something was ok, but she did not feel comfortable with it, people assumed that saying things or doing things must be fine and not offensive to her as an individual. And yet, at the same time, she found it difficult to make things a personal matter, to say outright, “I am uncomfortable”. Who would find it easy to say that, in a tense situation? On top of that, this was all at MIT (which is hard) during her first year properly living in the United States (also hard). In Simmons dormitory my freshman year, there was an individual who said eating cheesecake was fancy, because it made them feel “like an owner of a slave-run plantation from the 1800s”. Some of it is true ignorance, yet it can also be hurtful. Another friend of mine recounted an experience at MIT while she was waiting for the elevator. A group of people (many of whom were bio students) were talking about the ethics of modifying human genes, especially in children yet to be born, and the whole strange controversial concept of “designer babies” and the rest. The same cheesecake person had said, seeming to genuinely and honestly believe their own words, “but, if we could modify our genes so we could look or do anything, don’t you think everyone would just want to be white? Like wouldn’t all the black families start having white children?” Regardless of the motivation for this statementmy friend stressed that she didn’t even think the person should be blamed for saying that, she believed he genuinely thought thatif you heard it, if you heard that others could see no benefit in being the color of your skin and everything it connotestypes of cultures and music and food and familieswould that be hurtful? So imagine that all of this comes on top of everything else you have to deal with in your whole life. Imagine that it is summer and you’re living in Boston and you are in-between long (but exciting!) days of research at the MIT Media lab and resume reviews at MIT’s GECD (Global Education and Career Development) Office. You are planning an international public service and engineering project, building wells in rural Ethiopia. You make international calls for your project from 9:30-11:00, and fix the prototype for your research from 1:30-3:00. At 7pm you hit the gym, at 8pm you return to the Media Lab to finish up some notes and plan for tomorrow. It is 9:45pm by the time you head home. No one in there right mind would say that you don’t work hard. You think you have escaped bigoted wealthy white people from suburban Colorado, and here at MIT, people see you for who you are. You are worried about lots of other thingsyour family, your friends, your life. You are worried because one of your high school friends hasn’t been responding to your messages for a while, and texting all y our other high school friends to try and figure it out. You are thinking about how you’ll have the time tomorrow to do all the work you need to do and still go to the gym; you are wondering about when you travel to Ethiopia how to front the cash for the grants you received which are all reimbursements, and then. And then, you read all the articles about Alton Sterling and Philando Castile, and you try not to think about it. You read what your friends and classmates are saying (some of them were the exact same people who made fun of you for listening to any kind of rap music in high school so that you finally just didnt talk about the struggles and politics behind it as you would have, and also said you were not black, but at least they are now trying, at least they have changed their minds and I am proud of them for that.) And then it all starts coming at you and makes you feel that all of your work is meaningless. What are resume reviews for, if maybe, you’ll actually just get hired because you’re a “hot mixed girl” (typing that makes me feel uncomfortable and disgusting) or maybe you won’t get hired because “pretty girls can’t be smart”, or maybe you’re in fact deemed too fat for the job, or maybe you won’t get hired because “she clearly only got into MIT on Affirmative Action” even though you’re not in the box that says “Black” but the box that says “Other”. And what does all your hard work mean if people will only say “See, those are the Asian genes working!” and “I knew you were Chinese!!! I can tell, you know. And you’re so good at school!” And what does any of it at all mean when in America, stranger men  shout at you when you are walking to Central Square, saying “Ayyy! Are you Hawaiian? Cape Verdean? Asian? Damn! What are you???” And in China “African? African American?” “???,???” And in Ethiopia “China? Japan?” “??? ???” And nobody seems to want to know what your name is or where you go to school or what you like to do or that you enjoy cooking and going to farmer’s markets or what your recommendations are for restaurants in Boston  because they are so obsessed, obsessed, obsessed, to the point of shouting at you in the street randomly and following you for several blocks, with figuring out what   you are. And if that is so important, the what are you what are you what are you what are you what are you what are you what are you what are you what are you what are you what are you it makes you stare very hard at the mirror, looking for a tail or some ears or maybe a patch of fur or antennae, because it is never who are you. You feel that you must not be human. You feel like an alien. And you can’t focus, so today in the Media Lab instead of all that work you were worried about finishing you spend your first hour writing a rambly rant about black lives and black bodies and mixed lives and mixed bodies and how really everyone is the same and everyone is mixed (and everyone is originally Ethiopian) and then delete the whole thing. And so, I try not to think about it. I focus on other things.. A better way of putting it might be that I try not to think a lot about other people. You cannot change the way other people think. You can only believe in yourself, and simply recognize that even if you are an alien, with no home on this planet, Earth is stuck with you now and so you might as well show them what aliens are capable of. On other days, I would have written something like that, more optimistic, with a little more of a fighting spirit. But today, I am simply tired. Too tired to make this post internet-friendly and patient-sounding, and so I am sorry if it just seems jumbled and rambly and confused. It is not intended to educate or provoke or create action or really do anything much productiveit is simply a display of feelings, which I hope might lead you to understand something, perhaps. Or maybe you will feel them, too. Or maybe you won’t. I’m glad Vincent, Ben, and Allan (read Allans post) put together much more structured (and excellent!) posts. It reminds me that its definitely not only me, and also that so many people, of many races, are sensitive to at least part of this display of feelings. On top of this ridiculously long blog post, there are so many more things I want to say, that I want to write about, that I want to tell you, especially prospective students of color and international students of color..but today, just for today, I am tired. I called my father today. Im sorry, he said at the end, with a sigh and half a laugh, its not fair, but your generation has a lot of work to do.

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Evolutionary Theory And The Human Species - 1263 Words

Evolutionary theory, perhaps the first thought is a horizontal line of a monkey walking through a five-step evolutionary process of becoming a human. Most people have a somewhat similar idea when they think about evolutionary theory. From what I have learned thus far in Archaeology is there is more to evolutionary theory than what one would have previously thought. Prior to entering Introduction to Archaeology, I had almost no knowledge about hominin evolution. I happen to be one of the people who had a misconception about how an ape evolves in a single line to a human. For me personally I did not see the relevance of hominin evolution, I believed that evolution did happen, for instance, Darwin s findings on the Galapagos Islands. Nonetheless, I did not believe hominid evolution, nor did I seek to understand it. I believed that God made humans, and I didn t think that God needed to use a model from an ape to make the human species. Most people s issue seems to be the time frame in wh ich science says things have happened, compared with what the Bible says about time frames. That is the least bit of concern for me personally, because Biblically speaking, there is no concept of time for God. 1000 days to us is a day to him and a day to us is 1000 days to him. This makes sense in my mind on why everything is dated back so far, along with the biblical timeline of the earth being made in seven days. Prior to class I believed that hominin evolution was unrealistic, but I didShow MoreRelatedHuman Species Call Neoteny : A Evolutionary Theory That Means The Retention Of Juvenile Characteristics1877 Words   |  8 PagesWe, humans, have a deeply curious nature, and more often than not it is about the minor tittle-tattle in our lives. 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In the Hebrew Bible, man was created before all other animals and designedRead MoreAnthropology and Its Branches1728 Words   |  7 PagesAnthropology is the study of human beings, in particular the study of their physical character, evolutionary history, racial classification, historical and present-day geographic distribution, group relationships, and cu ltural history. Anthropology can be characterized as the naturalistic description and interpretation of the diverse peoples of the world. Modern-day anthropology consists of two major divisions: cultural anthropology, which deals with the study of human culture in all its aspects;Read MoreOrigin Of Life On Earth And How Biological Populations Have Changed And Developed Over Successive Generations1635 Words   |  7 Pages The theory of evolution discusses, with considerable proof, the history of life on earth and how biological populations have changed and developed over successive generations. Despite the abundance of evidence for evolution, both scientific and physical, some still doubt the validity of this theory. However, once compared with the alternative theory of creation, it is apparent that evolution is the most probable explanation for the origin of life on earth, to date. This essay will explain a handfulRead MoreJohn Darwin s Natural Selection879 Words   |  4 Pagesread because his theories on natural and life evolutions are fascinating to learn. The idea that members of a species complete with each other for resources and that individuals that are better adapted to their lifestyles have a better chance of surviving to reproduce revolutionized the field of evolution. His idea was never approved or accepted for decades and today natural selection forms the basis for our understanding of how speeds changed over time. 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When I say the word â€Å"population† I am saying it is a group of the same species that happens to share the same specific location and habitat. Evolutionary changes often occur all the time near the genetic level. What I am actually saying is that evolution is a process that will result in many changes in which are passed on or inherited from generation to generationRead MoreTheory of Mind Essay1086 Words   |  5 Pages Describe what evolutionary psychologists mean when they employ the term ‘theory of mind’. Use examples and research studi es from Book 1, Chapter 2 to show why this theory is important in evolutionary psychology. Evolutionary psychology is a specialist field within the spectrum of psychological enquiry, which seeks to examine and understand some of the predominant reasoning behind the concept of why the human species, whilst biologically similar to other species on the planet, is so very distinctRead MoreEssay about Creation and Evolution: An Eternal Debate1597 Words   |  7 Pagesbut religious activist have criticized the belief since On The Origin of Species was published in 1859. Common ground between the two subjects is a very rough place, but it can be achieved. Reconciliation between the subjects has been achieved but few are standing by it because even the compromise is controversial. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The beliefs of Charles Robert Darwin, as shown in his book On the Origin of Species, are controversial religiously and have been debated since its’ publicationRead MoreARTICLE2 Essay1036 Words   |  5 Pagesargument† was with theologian William Paley. Paley’s view was Intelligent Design; the correlation of the works of god and the words of god. Darwin’s theory involved no personal beliefs but Paley’s does. 4. What did Ernst Mayr mean when he asserted that evolution has both â€Å"horizontal† and â€Å"Vertical† dimensions? The vertical dimension describes how a species responds to an environment over time, and the horizontal dimension describes the adaptations that break through the genetic divide. He states that

Statistics Data Driven Decision Making Free Essays

It is known that there are two data types that are utilized to evaluate and draw meaningful conclusions through statistics, population and sample data. These two data types are utilized to formulate end conclusions of data that is to be collected and data that is to be reviewed. The description of population data can best be explained, as the complete collection of all data that is to be queried/collected and reviewed. We will write a custom essay sample on Statistics Data Driven Decision Making or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sample data, a subset of population data, is the partial collection and review of all data that is to be queried. The relationship of these two data types is simple; sample data is represented as a reflection of the population data and shares a common goal in this comparison through statistics. This can also either be represented as a part or as a whole of all data being evaluated. However we tend to utilize sample data more often than population data primarily as a result that sample data is utilized to formulate a coherent approach to drawing meaningful conclusions about the population. We utilize this through random sampling of population data to gather and make an assumption based on the population. This can kind of draw the conclusion that sample data and population data go hand in hand. As an example if we utilize â€Å"Culture Matters: A Survey Study of Social QA Behavior† an article which conducted, in 2009, a social survey of questions and answers based on cultural behaviors, we can come to find relatable data that can be identified through the understanding of sample and population data. An overview of this article notes that sample data was collected from four countries and turned overs responses from 933 people, of the population, who held similar job roles and were employed by a singular organization. This was completed to ascertain an understanding of what motivated an individual’s response to ask and answer questions while accessing a social network site. In this response the United States and the United Kingdom provided data which showed that western countries tend to associate themselves more with an individualistic approach and showed a lower context pattern, while China and India, Asian Cultures, tend to better associate themselves more with a high context pattern, and holistic collectivism. This data shows that the method of random sampling was utilized to ascertain a meaningful understanding of the sample data to formulate an assumption about the population of ones culture within these ountries and the role behind this decision making. As a result we can see that sample data which resulted in 38% UK workers, 41% US, 45% CN, and 50% IN was collected from the resulting population of a 100% of workers from all ethnicity working under a singular work group. This leaves to question the background ethnicity of those individual who did not participate in this survey. In result these statistics were utilized to draw a meaningful conclus ion about this data both as a whole and as a sample. How to cite Statistics Data Driven Decision Making, Papers

Discuss the effects of the techniques used to establish location in the opening chapter of Perfume and Therese Raquin Essay Example For Students

Discuss the effects of the techniques used to establish location in the opening chapter of Perfume and Therese Raquin Essay In the opening chapter of Therese Raquin and Perfume, each of the authors opens up the novels in different ways. In this essay I will discuss how both authors have established location using a variety of literary techniques to enthuse and attract the reader. Each author wrote their novels at different eras. Sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½skind wrote Perfume in a modern 20th Century and set the novel in an 18th Century France suffering from the aftermath of the French revolution. Sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½skind straightforwardly focuses on the time period and main protagonist Grenouille, the peculiar simple story telling technique establishes the novel. The purpose of this is to intrigue the reader and make sure he or she will carry on reading the book. On the other hand, Zola wrote Therese Raquin in the 19th Century and the novel is set in a 19th Century contemporary Paris. The effect of writing a contemporary novel is that the reader can understand and appreciate a different perspective of Paris affected by the industrial revolution and city life. Zola is extremely descriptive in the opening chapter of Therese Raquin with the purpose of making the reader feel like they are present in the setting. Zola uses such precise description possibly because he used to write articles in the French newspapers, which would of needed clear descriptions to illustrate a situation to the public Sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½skind introduces Perfume by directly setting the scene and protagonist, with an almost fairy tale beginning. In eighteenth-century France there lived a man1 The effect of this similar fairy tale opening can almost be compared to the Once upon a time sentence which is used in fables; this immediately attracts and captures the readers attention, because it is such a familiar stock phrase which has been heard throughout our childhood, which usually ends with a happily ever after ending. The opening sentence also instantly sets the time period the story will be revolved around. Sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½skind, without delay, introduces the protagonist as Jean-Baptiste Grenouille, the protagonist is at once described as gifted and abominable2. This paradox contrasts the talent Grenouille possesses as well as the evil he contains. The reader is given the impression that the protagonist could actually be a non-fictional character who existed in history3; we are very intrigued when we read the word abominable4, as it is an enigmatic word, which entices the reader. in contrast to the names of other gifted abominations, de Sades, for instanceBonapartes, etc.5 Grenouille is being compared to famous French revolutionaries which highlights that he could be an existing person. Sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½skind ends the opening paragraph with a sentence which makes the reader wonder even more if Grenouille indeed could have really existed. restricted to a domain that leaves no traces in history: to the fleeting realm of scent.6 This factual piece of information completely changes the attitude towards the protagonist, not only because tracing scent is merely impossible to accomplish, especially in history, but, because the reader perceives the main character to have a more powerful ability which was recorded in history, which suggests even more that Grenouille is even more real than what the reader first perceived. The reader now craves for what the narrator is to reveal of the life story of Jean-Baptiste Grenouille. However, Zola introduces Therese Raquin with a very detailed description of the setting; the opening paragraph almost seems like a set of instructions to find a certain location. At the end of the Rue Guà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½gaudsloping at a right angle, is black with grime.7 This quotation gives emphasis to the precise and specific description which sets the scene of the novel. The audience is unsure where these set of instructions will lead; the impression given by the opening paragraph is almost repellent. Zola uses words such as yellowish, worn stones8, acrid dampness9and black with grime.10 To accentuate the filthy environment at which Zola was familiar at the time he set the novel in .The yellowish 11 description gives the imagery of tiles which have been soaked of urine. When Therese Raquin was released in 1867, critics and the general public were disgusted .u8d3b27af8da9f803edc2d78844c62277 , .u8d3b27af8da9f803edc2d78844c62277 .postImageUrl , .u8d3b27af8da9f803edc2d78844c62277 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8d3b27af8da9f803edc2d78844c62277 , .u8d3b27af8da9f803edc2d78844c62277:hover , .u8d3b27af8da9f803edc2d78844c62277:visited , .u8d3b27af8da9f803edc2d78844c62277:active { border:0!important; } .u8d3b27af8da9f803edc2d78844c62277 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8d3b27af8da9f803edc2d78844c62277 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8d3b27af8da9f803edc2d78844c62277:active , .u8d3b27af8da9f803edc2d78844c62277:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8d3b27af8da9f803edc2d78844c62277 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8d3b27af8da9f803edc2d78844c62277 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8d3b27af8da9f803edc2d78844c62277 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8d3b27af8da9f803edc2d78844c62277 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8d3b27af8da9f803edc2d78844c62277:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8d3b27af8da9f803edc2d78844c62277 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8d3b27af8da9f803edc2d78844c62277 .u8d3b27af8da9f803edc2d78844c62277-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8d3b27af8da9f803edc2d78844c62277:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Democratic Education EssayBoth novels have omniscient narrators which seem to have a great knowledge of the location surrounding the novels. In Perfume, the narrator focuses on the description of the smell of Paris in the eighteenth-century, and the birth of the protagonist Grenouille. Grenouilles birth-place is ironic seeing that he was born on a graveyard. the catacombs of Montmartre and in its place a food market was erected.12 This quote emphasises also the irony of a food market replacing a cemetery. On the other hand, the omniscient narrator in Therese Raquin pays close attention to the haberdashery in which the protagonists currently reside. The haberdashery can almost be perceived as if it has a disease and it is slowly dying. bottle-green woodwork oozing humidity from every cracka womans name in red letters: Thà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½rà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½se Raquin.13 The reader is keen to find out why the haberdashery has a womans name, the reader is yet to find out that the heroine of the novel is called Therese Raquin. The red letters that makes up the name of the shop provokes the audience because the colour red is contrasted from the rest of the passage where it seems as though colour is being deprived from the public. darkness inhabits even in daytime.14 We are given the impression that the location is extremely glum and depressing, as the quotation indicates, it is always dark even during the day. Sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½skind uses empirical description to describe the market place in the first chapter, the repetition of the two words stank15 and stench 16 which emphasises the obnoxiousness and the extreme stench that is given out by the different sources of smell coming from inside Paris. The reader feels as if they can physically smell the stench from the descriptions. Sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½skind has chosen to make the opening chapter of the novel so repulsive, in order to revolt and shock the reader, which to a certain extent intrigues them to continue reading the novel. Whereas Zola emphasises the dull visual imagery of the haberdashery, The room seemed naked and cold; the merchandise was packed up and squeezed into corners, instead cheerful mixture of colours.17 This quotation emphasises that the haberdashery, instead of being filled with bright colours from the different materials, it seems as if the colours are almost dead and do not reflect their brightness into the room. This foreshadows that in the rest of the novel, people who live in the shop, will become as dead as the materials in them. In conclusion, at the end of the first chapter in Perfume, Sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½skind makes the reader eager to find out what happens to Grenouille when we discover that already as a baby he is already causing trouble. It was too greedy, they said, sucked as much as two babies, deprived of their livelihood18. We gain awareness that Grenouille is depriving not only the other babies from their source of food but also the financial aid from the wet nurses. Later in the novel, the reader gains awareness that Grenouille as a grown man robs the scent of virgin women. However, Therese Raquin delivers a slow and tedious opening chapter, the ending portrays three people, a man and two women, one young and one older. Zola describes their quotidian routine which seems extremely dull, the young woman every night before going to bed would, stay there for a few minutes, facing the great black wall with its crude rendering19. This could possibly be seen as an act of depression, the reader already questions why she would almost fall into the black oblivion for a few minutes, possibly because of the life she lives and the people she lives with. Both Zola and Sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½skind establish the locations in their novel differently, whether it be by describing the smell of the setting, or the visual imagery the reader is given, it intrigues and encourages the reader to carry on reading the rest of the novel.

The Portuguese Social Security System

Introduction Just like any other part of the world, Portugal has a well-established social security system, which many of her people depend on for their welfare. Like in the US, social security system in Portugal covers a wide range of programs. Some of these programs include retirement pension scheme that covers employees from both public and private sectors, social assistance program that includes benefits for the unemployed and their dependencies among other programs.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Portuguese Financial Sustainability of Social Security System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The social security system in Portugal experiences problems such as non-contributory coverage, dealing with many survivors and disability beneficiaries (Barrows 25). Generally, the system experiences a problem of dealing with large number of people requiring assistance – an unrelenting problem that see ms to affect many of the social security systems across the world. Large proportion of inflow comes from PAYE funds, as it is the case of the United States. Taxes from the payroll can be termed as the backbone of the Portuguese social security system; however, there is a problem based on ‘baby boomers’ experience. After Second World War, populations across Europe blossomed and such large populations joined the social security systems, which also thrived. However, as the ‘baby boomers’ generation approaches retirement, the current working population is smaller and cannot sustain the current social security system, firmly established by the ‘baby boomers.’ Moreover, many contributors do not see any positive relationship between what they contribute and what they get at the end of the day. Indeed, according to many employees, the taxes reduce their private savings and disposable income and hence the capital formation. This paper will analyze finan cial sustainability of the Portuguese social security system mainly by comparing the revenue contributed and the cost required to maintain it. The research will use secondary data to analyze the trend of income and expenditures of the system for a period of fifty years from 1999 and 2050. Background Literature Social security system in Portugal comprises of three components; family allowances benefit systems and social welfare allowances for citizens. The allowance component compensates citizens when their earnings decline due to the following reasons; unemployment, sickness, disability, death, old age, and work accidents just to mention a few. Employees, both self-employed and the employed, benefit from this system. Non-working and unemployed individuals however, have the right to subscribe if they so wish. For one to enjoy the benefits of social security system, he/she must meet two conditions. First, one must register and secondly, the individual must meet his/her monthly contrib utions just like the employed.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Though the Portuguese social security system has improved over the years, it continues to face many problems. Financial instability is the major problem. Those people who contribute each month to the social security system suspect misappropriation of these funds; hence, they do not get the expected benefits from this scheme. Many employees would therefore prefer some structural reforms in the system for it to meet their needs effectively. Portugal needs to change her current scheme of ‘pay as go used go’ and adopt a capitalization system. In this type of system, every employee has his or her own account where all the contributions made goes into this personal account. When the employee attains the age of retirement, then he or she can withdraw all the money deposited in the personal account. This will help to address dissatisfaction by many employees who question the efficiency of the current system. As Barrow claims, capitalization regime will ensure direct relationship between the benefits and contribution. This will eliminate the perception that the contribution to the social security system is just as tax deducted on the labor income (26). Capitalization regime will ensure that there is no sharing of the social security system’s funds from one single pool. Every employee will sustain his or her pool and in case of anything, he/she will withdraw the money from the personal account. Failure to do that will perpetuate the worsening the financial position of the system as more and more beneficiaries depend on insufficient funds contributed by just a small proportion of the population now and in future. As Pereira da Silva, Calado, and Maria put it, there is a looming financial problem facing the social security system in Portugal; the government needs to address it urgently before it gets out of hand (418). There is a large gap between the benefits and the declining rate of contribution and subscriptions. The active population does not benefit from their huge contributions to the social security system. The founders of the Social security trust fund in 1995 aimed to reinforce the social security system, but this has not solved the problem of financial instability. The government also introduced partial capitalization program in 1989 in which it invested the contributed funds in the different ways such as in financial markets. This also aimed to stabilize the financial status of this system. The returns from these investments would cater for future raise in costs. According to Pereira da Silva, Calado and Maria these stabilization funds created by the government are not in a position to counter the financial challenges facing the system and therefore it ought not to be the focus of the stakeholders (418). As mentioned earlier in the researc h, it is not Portugal alone whose social security systems are facing challenges. Yasar argues that social security systems in US also face the same challenges. Economists attribute the US challenges to the increased number of baby boomers attaining the age of retirement (843).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Portuguese Financial Sustainability of Social Security System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Currently the debate is going on in US among the reformers and other groups over the appropriate reforms in the social security system to meet the raising demand of beneficiaries. Reformists are advocating for the change of the system and adoption of a fully funded retirement plan with clear definitions. Other groups are arguing that demographic problems, which justify the privatization of the system, are wrong. Irrespective of which group is right, the fact remains that there is a challenge in the soc ial security system in US which may even become worse in the future as more and more people attain the age of retirement. Puckett argues that managing social security system is a challenge not only for today but also for yesterday and tomorrow (25).Thus even as we analyze the case of the Portuguese social security system it is important that we have it in mind that these systems are facing challenges in all the parts of the world. Data To analyze the financial sustainability of the social security system in Portugal, this study will use secondary sources of data mainly from the international association for the study of insurance economics 2004 among other sources. This study chose these sources of the data for various reasons, which include; first, the sources are reliable and thus provide reliable data for valid conclusion. Secondly, this data is very relevant to the topic of the study since it provide all the required information about the Portuguese social security system. Data about the contributions and distribution of benefits in this social security system is very relevant to this study, which these sources adequately provide. This data will make it easy to analyze financial sustainability of the Portuguese social security system by comparing the rate of growth of revenue collected from the citizens and growth rate of the fund’s beneficiaries. The data clearly portrays the gap between the rate of fund’s growth and cost rate for easier comparisons. The data also compare the difference between synthetic cost and income rate, which helps to predict the future of this social security system. The data also helps to show the projected accumulated funds as well as the growth trend for the next forty or so years. This will help to show or measure whether this system will become more sustainable or less sustainable in future. In addition, this data will help to show the account of the social security benefits to the current and future’s GDP of Portugal. All this will assist in coming up with a valid conclusion in this research. Research analysis From the various tables given in this research, it is possible to observe the trend of social security system in Portugal. To start with, Table 1 shows the comparison of rate of revenue and rate of cost from 1999 to 2050. From this table, we can observe the following; accumulated asset funds will attain their maximum level by 2012 where the rate of revenue growth will be approximately 0.285 per cent.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The rate of revenue has been growing consistently from 1999 though by a small margin until 2012 when it reaches the maximum point. Thereafter the growth rate of revenue starts to decline from maximum level attained in 2012 to about 0.26 percent by the year 2020. This trend remains constant for the next 30 years; table predicts the same rate of revenue growth by 2050. Contrary to growth rate of revenue, the cost rate grows steadily throughout the research period and there is no record of decline in growth. The growth in cost rate in 1999 is 0.24 per cent and continues to grow consistently year after another until it reaches a maximum level of 0.36 percent by 2050. The current growth rate of revenue is 0.34 percent, which is a large increase from 0.24 percent in 1999. This rate does not fluctuate much in the next forty years since the projected growth in the rate of cost by 2050 is 0.36 per cent. Again, this table notes the trend in differences of cost and revenue. From 1999 to 2005, the rate of growth in revenue exceeds the rate of growth in cost. This means that during this period, the rate of growth of contributions collected in the system was less that the number of beneficiaries. However, from 2008 onward, the rate of growth of cost is more than the rate of growth of revenue. This means that the rate of growth of beneficiaries of the social security funds is exceeding the rate of contribution. This may lead to financial problems in the system. Results explanation The data portrayed in this table shows a move from equilibrium to disequilibrium since 2008. There is acute imbalance between the growth rate of contributions and beneficiaries of the social security funds. The data shows that before 2008, the system was sustainable and it could support all the beneficiaries since there was more revenue than cost. When the beneficiaries started to exceed the contributors in 2008, the financial however instability started. Though the country never experienced popula tion boom like other countries, which had participated in the Second World War, the number of children born after the war were many. This generation started attaining the age of retirement in 2010. Predictions show that this trend is likely to remain for the next ten years. This has already started exerting pressure to the social security system funds since the amount going out is more than the amount coming in. The subscriptions and contributions have already started to decline as more and more members continue to retire. By 2025, economists expect that the benefits of the funds will not be enough to cover all the benefits, management and the administration costs. Further projections show that by 2050 this deficit may reach to about 38.5 per cent. This will be equivalent to about 2.25 percent of the country’s total GDP. This means that to minimize this deficit, there is need for some action to close the gap between the rate of revenue and costs. Two options are possible, eit her to increase the rate of contributions or decrease the rate of expenditures. The government may reduce the rate of expenditure by 0.7 percent or increase contribution rate by 10 per cent in order to attain equilibrium by 2050. These two options are possible but not easy especially on the side of the government. For instance, to increase the rate of contribution, government will need to improve its efficiency in recruiting and collecting more contributions from the citizens or coming up with a legal provision that will raise the amount contributed by each member. The latter will have an opportunity cost to the economy in terms of savings and investments. The government may also consider implementing the two methods simultaneously to increase the amount of contribution to the social security system. The second option of reducing the expenditure by 0.7 percent will also be costly to the government and the citizens. Lowering the benefits may result into suffering of some people. Memb ers of the social security schemes may not get the expected amount after retirement even after dedicating themselves to contribute during their working days due to shortage of the funds. The system may not be able to finance fully some cases such as accident, sickness, and maternity of the active contributors due to this policy. This option will also have some consequences, which may be too costly to the members and the government. Further analysis Table 2 compares the rate of fund’s growth with the ratio of the fund. The rate of fund’s growth reaches the maximum point in 2005 and starts to decline consistently until it reaches the lowest point in 2020 where it shows a negative growth. From there the growth rate remains constant at 0 percent showing no growth in the next thirty years up to 2050. The ratio of the fund grows consistently until it reaches a maximum in 2011. It then starts to decline until it reaches 0 percent in 2035. The high rate of unemployment is the attribute to the decline of the growth rate of fund. Increased number of employees who are retiring can also lead to low contribution rate. At the beginning, the fund ratio is high since the number of people remitting their contribution is increasing but later the trend decrease as more people reach their age of retirement. Table 3 compares the rate of growth of synthetic effective income and synthetic effective cost. Synthetic effective income increases steadily until it reaches a point where it starts to decline. It manifests the highest rate in 2040 and thereafter it starts to decline. The rate of synthetic effective cost increases steadily and reaches the maximum (30 percent) by 2050. The difference between the two rates decrease from positive side and then start to increase steadily on the negative side. Effective income rate shows â€Å"taxable payroll to the income ratio and it will increase so long as the income of the employee is increasing† (Puckett 76). As a result , the rate increases despite the cost increase. The effective rate of cost shows the ratio of taxable payroll to expenditure and continues to increase steadily so long as the expenditures are increasing. The differences between the two rates change due to fluctuating income and expenditure for the entire research period. Summary and conclusion From this study, it is evident that the current social security system in Portugal is not sustainable. The analysis of the data shows that by 2050, the deficit in the system will have risen to 38.5 percent, a significant proportion of the total GDP of Portugal. The gap between the growth rate of revenue contributed and the cost demanded from the funds has continued to increase over the years and projections show its increase in future. This condition may be attributed to high rate of retirement as large proportion of the population, which was born after Second World War, currently attain the age of retirement. Other factors such as high rate o f unemployment have contributed to this problem; there are few people joining the system to increase the revenue collection. The government has come up with various programs to address the problem; however, the outcome is of little significance. Initiatives such as investing the contributed funds in various ways have not helped much in addressing the problem. To address the problem, the government may either look for ways to increase the contributions such as recruiting more members and increasing the rate of contribution per member or coming up with ways to reduce the expenditure of the social security system. The two options are not easy for the government given that they have their opportunity costs in terms of saving and investment. However, an urgent action is necessary to prevent the situation from deteriorating in future; actually if unchecked, the situation will degenerate into a crisis and the retiring will go home uncompensated as the system crumbles under the weight unsus tainable demands due to poor policymaking. Nevertheless, a swift well-planned and executed strategy will ensure that the social security system in Portugal is sustainable for now and in future. Works Cited Barrows, Jen. â€Å"Portugal’s Social Security System: The Efficacy of Reforms.† Yale Economic Review 6.1 (2010): 25-27. Print. Pereira da Silva, Carlos, Calado, Joao, and Maria, Teresa.â€Å"The Financial Sustainability of the Portuguese Social Security System.† Geneva Papers on Risk Insurance – Issues Practice 29.3 (2004): 417-439. Print. Puckett, Carolyn. â€Å"Administering social security: challenges yesterday and today.† Social Security Bulletin, 70.3 (2010): 27-78. Print. Yasar, Yavuz. â€Å"It’s the Prices, Stupid: The Underlying Problems of the U.S. Social Security System.† Journal of Economic Issues (M.E. Sharpe Inc.) 43.4 (2009): 843-865. Print. This research paper on The Portuguese Financial Sustainability of Social Security System was written and submitted by user Heaven H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Is street crime more harmful than white collar crime essays

Is street crime more harmful than white collar crime essays Is Street Crime More Harmful than White Collar Crime? By general definition, a crime is a wronging, proclaimed by law against society. All acts of disobeying the law are crimes. Be it an assault or embezzlement one has committed a wrong. Yet we have learned values and morals from our surroundings which gave us concepts of the degree of harm pertaining to a particular crime. From our being submerged in a culture, our concept of crime is usually that of a physical one. We as a society, generally conjure images of a personal assault on oneself when defining the concept of a crime. Very rarely would ones first connotation of crime be of an executive of a large firm stealing money from the business. We as a society, generally define our concepts by our surroundings. Society is more frequently exposed to street crimes. It is very rare that a day goes by that we do not learn a murder, physical attack or robbery through the media. Those so called street crimes effect our neighborhoods and society everyday. Those crimes are contrib uting to the destruction of society, our cities, our streets. The street crime is the most harmful of crimes, it is responsible for the disintegration of society as we know it. To demonstrate the harm caused by society by street crime, one has to look no further than to inner city neighborhoods. Street crimes are responsible for injuries, death, sexual assaults and the loss of personal property through force. They can also be attributed to the decline of local business and the drop in education and pride in ones communities as well. In the lower economic neighborhoods, many resort to crime for financial reasons. Members of the community sell drugs or rob as means of support. These deviants do not inflict these crimes on neighborhoods other than their own. This is the major reason why street crime is so harmful. The members of society through their illegal actions are destroying society. ...

Factors affecting inflation rate Oman Assignment

Factors affecting inflation rate Oman - Assignment Example 21.54964 6.704981 2.19058 4.2857 8.11088 11.538462 2.801932367 14.6666667 Â   Â   Formula: Current year - Previous Year/Previous year*100 Â   Â   Â   From the above table it could be understood that the perspective of Oman inflation rate in the consecutive years has taken a leap from 2000 onwards. Starting from 2002 it can be seen that consumer price index has varied with some consistent rates of inflation. Starting from 2002 till 2008, there was constant price growth in certain sectors, which has made Oman’s inflationary conditions more severe than any other Middle East countries. Here we can see that there is a persistent inflation in food beverages and tobacco sector from 2002 to 2008 e.g. 0.10 to 21.54 inflation rate. This may be owing to supply bottlenecks and increase in demand. In case of education, recreation and entertainment deflation has taken place from 2003-2005 i.e. -0.79 to -0.10 but again from 2006 onwards growth in price level has been observed, this cert ain fluctuation has occurred due to change in educational demand of the country. In the initial years of 2000 Oman faced minimum growth in medical care due to non availability of proper medical facility and high expense. This is reflected in the change in rate of price change from negative to positive. But it has shown growth later on with response to the factors demanding for health and care of the country and this is again reflected in the slowdown of inflation rate after 2003. Then comes the most important consumer goods clothing and footwear sector where again a fluctuation in the CPI growth rate can be traced in the years 2002-2003 and again in 2006 but in later part it has increased. The manufacturing sector overall showed marked improvement and this might have generated more demand which in turn brought in inflation. In case of housing furniture and rent electricity water and fuel a huge deflation has been observed in the years 2002-2004 consecutively. In both the sectors the re was a downfall because at that time there was no change in the market condition for these years and in 2005 there was ‘0’ growth rate in price. But after that gradually it started taking up its position by severe improvement in the economy of the country. Sometimes growth in a sector can momentarily bring about inflation. The transport and communication sector is though highly developed in Oman with proper facility of road, airport, ports and railway has more or less consistent inflation in the following years except on 2003 when it came down to -0.50. The Government of Oman have made a total investments for major infrastructure projects estimated to be R.O. 15 billion between

Chose the qualitative versus quantitative approach Assignment

Chose the qualitative versus quantitative approach - Assignment Example As a result, this involves identifying the concepts taking place within the operating room, then assessing the outcomes to implement changes in practice. The method tries to optimize internal strengths by reducing the environmental influences that might change the intervention results (Leeman & Sandelowski, 2012). This category would be amenable to qualitative inquiry because it considers different aspects during the research process to determine the correct activities through investigations and environmental influences. The choice of this qualitative was because it incorporates practice-based evidence into the real world activities for nursing professionals. This implies that it does not use assumptions or secondary literature to influence the findings (Leeman & Sandelowski, 2012). The method is also appropriate because it helps clinicians to plan for the execution of interventions in practice. This is done by researchers who deliberate on the practical implications of the results and use the research to obtain favorable practice-based evidence (Nelson, 2013). For instance, the operation room nurses must plan for their activities before adopting new implementation of interventions in practice. In this regard, the method enables the nurses to understand new concepts and offer their opinions before putting them into use because it emphasizes on

Impact of Motivational Tools on Performance

Impact of Motivational Tools on Performance INTRODUCTION Motivation plays a critical role in achieving goals and business objectives and is equally important for companies that work in a team-based environment or in a workplace comprised of workers who work independently. Making sure each employees workplace goals and values are aligned with the organizations mission and vision is important for creating and maintaining a high level of motivation. Many business managers today are not aware of the effects that motivation can (and does) have on their business. The size of your business is irrelevant: whether the size of staff is fifty or just one, everyone needs some form of motivation. The key is to awaken this motivation from within each employee by various methods such as incentives, loyalty, support, discipline, security, and recognition, among others, which in turn will goad each employee to do his or her best. In todays economy more so in knowledge based industry IT, ITES, BPO the biggest task is to motivate and retain the employees .Managers today realize the fact that high staff turnover can prove costly and reward employees with monetary or tangible as well as non-monetary or intangible compensation to limit employee turnover, improve employee morale and job satisfaction and enhance employee performance. Frederick Herzberg is regarded as one of the original pioneers of management and employee motivational theory. His book The Motivation to Work written in 1959, and expanded upon by later books, postulated that there are two very different sets of factors that drive behaviour in the workplace.   Many other theories since then have also gained currency like the McGregors Theory X and Y, Maslows Motivation Theory of Hierarchy of Needs, Three-Need Theory/ Acquired Need Theory etc. Motivational strategies can help improve employee performance, reduce the chances of low employee morale, encourage teamwork and instill a positive attitude during challenging times. Managers can successfully motivate their employees through empathy, leading by example, Management by Objectives (MBO), fairness to all, rewards, awards and recognition for long-service and good work, opportunity for employees training and development, periodical promotion and increase in take-home pay, welfare package like employees children scholarship, free medical services for employees and their families, recognition of birthdays of employees, the creation of a sense of belonging among all employees, regular feedback from employees, effective communication in the project environment and assurance of employees future within and without the organisation, providing a conducive and attractive working environment for the employees, and instituting conflict resolution management. Nothing motivates better than working in a cohesive team and being seen as part of a success story. Workers are motivated when they are getting results, otherwise, they feel depressed and weak. Other motivating factors are secondary. Managers should be aware that their job is to plan, organise, control, supervise and direct motivated employees to achieve objectives. COMPANY PROFILE Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL) is Indias largest Fast Moving Consumer Goods  company, touching the lives of two out of three Indians with over 20 distinct categories in  Home Personal Care Products and Foods Beverages. They endow the company with  a scale of combined volumes of about 4 million tones and sales of Rs.10, 000 cores. HUL is also one of the countrys largest exporters; the Government of India has  recognized it as a Golden Super Star Trading House. The mission that inspires HULs 36,000 employees, including over 1,350  managers, is to add vitality to life. HUL meets every day needs for nutrition, hygiene,  and personal care with brands that help people feel good, look good and get more out of  life. It is a mission HUL share with its parent company, Unilever, which holds 51.55% of  the equity. The rest of the shareholding is distributed among 380,000 individual  shareholders and financial institutions. HULs brands Food brands Home care brands Personal care brands Water Nutrition Health, hygiene beauty The operations involve over 2,000 suppliers and associates. HULs distribution network, comprising about 7,000 redistribution stockiest, directly covers the entire urban population, and about 250 million rural consumers. HUL has traditionally been a company, which incorporates latest technology in all  its operations. The Hindustan Unilever Research Center (HULRC) was set up in 1958, and  now has facilities in Mumbai and Bangalore. HULRC and the Global Technology Centers  in India have over 200 highly qualified scientists and technologists, many with postdoctoral  experience acquired in the US and Europe. Structure of the organization HUL has about 15,000 employees, including over 1400 managers. DERIVATION OF MODULESAIM The aim of this assignment is to study the motivational techniques modules used in the HUL and comprehend evaluate its ramification on employees output. PREVIEW For the ease of understanding and better assimilation the report is divided into the following subheads: Part I Organization overview. Part II Evolution of Concept. Part III Special motivational Modules. Part IV Recommendations. PART I ORGANIZATION OVERVIEW. COMPANY PROFILE Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL) is Indias largest Fast Moving Consumer Goods company, touching the lives of two out of three Indians with over 20 distinct categories in Home Personal Care products and Foods Beverages. They endow the company with a scale of combined volumes of about 4 million tones and sales of Rs.10, 000 cores. HUL is also one of the countrys largest exporters; the Government of India has recognized it as a Golden Super Star Trading House. The mission that inspires HULs 36,000 employees, including over 1,350 managers, is to add vitality to life. HUL meets every day needs for nutrition, hygiene, and personal care with brands that help people feel good, look good and get more out of life. It is a mission HUL share with its parent company, Unilever, which holds 51.55% of the equity. The rest of the shareholding is distributed among 380,000 individual shareholders and financial institutions. HULs brands Food brands Home care brands Personal care brands Water Nutrition Health, hygiene beauty The operations involve over 2,000 suppliers and associates. HULs distribution network, comprising about 7,000 redistribution stockiest, directly covers the entire urban population, and about 250 million rural consumers. HUL has traditionally been a company, which incorporates latest technology in all its operations. The Hindustan Unilever Research Center (HULRC) was set up in 1958, and now has facilities in Mumbai and Bangalore. HULRC and the Global Technology Centers in India have over 200 highly qualified scientists and technologists, many with postdoctoral experience acquired in the US and Europe. Structure of the organization HUL  has about 15,000 employees, including over 1400 managers. PART II EVOLUTION OF CONCEPT DERIVATION OF MODULESFrederick Herzbergs two-factor theory, a.k.a. intrinsic/extrinsic motivation, concludes that certain factors in the workplace result in job satisfaction, but if absent, they dont lead to dissatisfaction but no satisfaction. http://www.valuebasedmanagement.net/images/picture_herzberg_factor_theory.gif Motivators; (e.g. challenging work, recognition, responsibility) which give positive satisfaction. Hygiene factors; (e.g. status, job security, salary and fringe benefits) that do not motivate if present, but, if absent, result in demotivation. These modules apparently derive their inspiration from Herzbergs two factor theory and bear a close affinity to its factors. HUL feels that instead of fixing the working conditions that employees are complaining about, to strives ahead finding new ways of recognizing their efforts. A simple technique is to hold regular meetings where each employee is asked to say what went well for them since the last meeting, what they did that they are especially pleased about. This simple practice gives employees an opportunity to tell their colleagues what they did and get some public recognition for a job well done.The continuing relevance of Herzberg is the fact that there must be some direct connection between performance and reward, whether extrinsic as in recognition or intrinsic as in naturally enjoyable work, to motivate employees to work harder and to improve their job satisfaction. EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION MODULES Objectives: To recognize the achievements of the employees To motivate the employees to perform better To increase the sales revenue and the profit margins of the company Competitive Reward; Reward for Performance HULs reward philosophy is to provide market competitive salary and benefits with a strong linkage between performance and pay as it is a technique to motivate its employee to enhance their performance. Fixed Salary that is competitive with our peer companies Variable Salary that is linked to company and individual performance Equity compensation (at eligible levels) that is linked to long term (3 year) company  performance and your potential. Benefits and Perquisites aimed at providing you choices. Retirement benefits that are market competitive. PART III SPECIAL MOTIVATIONAL MODULES SPECIAL MOTIVATIONAL MODULES Modules Outline: 1) STAR OF THE MONTH (SOM) This is a performance based award Rating of the employees is done on the grade basis These grades are given on the basis of achievements of targets, best five should be selected. 2) CUSTOMER DELIGHT: This is a performance based award This award should be given to the employees with least number of  complaints, with most speedy delivery, with most accurate data, with  most orderly data 3) ACHIEVEMENT TALK BOOK (A-T BOOK): All achievements of the employees can be talked in this monthly book This is a very good way of public recognition This book will be circulated at the beginning of every month. 4) STAR OF THE QUARTER (SAQ): This is a performance based award Rating system is required These grades are given on the basis of achievements of targets, best five should be selected 5) THINKING OUT OF THE BOX AWARD -(TOTB) This is the way of idea/suggestion management   An issue can be put up and employees can be asked to give their  suggestions or ideas on the concerned issue   Web based applications like emails can be used to collect and evaluate the  suggestions/ideas. Idea/suggestion board can be put up in the cafeteria and learning center, as  these places are easily accessible to all employees. Best ideas would be collected on the monthly basis but rewarded on the  quarterly basis Feedback can be given to the employee through web or through phone,  voice mails etc. 6) ON THE SPOT: This is an on the spot award This award can be given to the employees for their on the spot attitude  towards some particular situation This is a mere recognition for good and humble gestures towards peer and  presence of mind throughout Their managers give this award to the employee as they can keep a  constant observation on their employees. SOM: SOM is performance-based award, which is measured completely on the basis of  an employee s performance within the working place. The employee is awarded on the  basis of the rating given to him and this rating of the employees is done on the grade  basis, which already exist within the organization. These grades are given to the  employees on the basis of their achievements of targets set by their managers or  supervisors. This is a monthly award where employees are rated for a month and then the  deserving candidate is awarded. The best five are selected. PURPOSE: STAR OF THE MONTH award, which is given as per the ratings of an employee. This is a quarterly based award. First of all work plan to the employee of each department is allotted and set target are given. The work plan of an employee consists of PARAMETERS and the MILESTONES to be achieved. These MILESTONES have some POINTS allotted. REWARDS: The department head takes the final decision and gives away the award to the employees on the ceremony-honoring employee ceremony. 2) CUSTOMER DELIGHT: Customer delight is again a performance-based award, which is given to the employees for performing well. As we know that an employee not only has external customers but also internal customers i.e. the employee of the other departments An employee has to deal with various other employees within the branch, they can be from the same department as well as other department. Thus the employee With the least number of complaints With most speedy delivery of data With most accurate data With most orderly data The employees get to fill a customer delight form on basis of which the most suitable candidate is selected for this award. Maximum of 5 employees can be selected for the award. The customer delight form is as follows: I AM DELIGHTED!!! MY NAME MY DESIGNATION MY DEPARTMENT I VOTE FOR HIS/HER NAME: HIS/HER DESIGNATION: HIS/HER DEPARTMENT: I VOTE BECAUSE: I HAVE NO COMPLAINTS AGAINST THIS EMPLOYEE THIS EMPLOYEE PROVIDES A SPEEDY DELIVERY THIS EMPLOYEE PRODUCES ACCURATE DATA THIS EMPLOYEE PRODUCES MOST ORDERLY DATA THIS EMPOYEE SHOWS A DECENT CONDUCT OTHER REASONS____________________________________________________________ WHAT WOULD HAVE HAPPENED IF HE/SHE DID NOT DO WHAT HE/SHE DID?_____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ THINGS I WOULD DO TO EXPRESS MY THANX:___________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ SIGNATURE PURPOSE: Customer delight is an award to promote and recognize employees for  outstanding customer service. REWARDS: Department heads makes the final decision. A ceremony-honoring employee is  conducted where the 3 employees are awarded for their outstanding customer service. The head of the branch would give away the award on the ceremony day. 3) A-T BOOK: A-T Book is a monthly issue of a book, which is circulated in all departments of the office. This book talks about the achievements of the employee and gives them the peer recognition in this form. As every employee loves to be recognized at his working place and amongst the people he works with, this is a very effective form and way of recognizing ones performances. This book consists of: Detailed information about the employees who have achieved some milestone  during the month. The detail of the day and month of the achieved milestone. Birthday wishes are sent to the employees through this book. Various articles or precious experiences of employees. PURPOSE: A-T book is an ACHIEVEMENT TALK BOOK, which provides an  employee, with the public recognition amongst the peers in the organization. This book is  a great means of boosting the confidence and recognizing the performances and deeds of  an employee in public. This recognition makes him/her feel recognized and motivated  and definitely proves to be a boon in improving performance. REWARDS: No one gives away this award as this recognition comes in a book form and talks about people s achievements. Public recognition to all the achievers. 4) SAQ: SAQ award is again a performance-based award, which is measured completely  on the basis of an employee s performance within the working place. The employee is  awarded on the basis of the rating given to him and this rating of the employees is done  on the grade basis, which already exist within the organization. These grades are given to the employees on the basis of their achievements of targets set by their managers or supervisors. This is a quarterly award where employees are rated for a quarter and then the deserving candidate is awarded. The best five are selected. PURPOSE: STAR OF THE QUARTER award, is given as per the ratings of an employee. This is a quarterly based award. Targets for the quarter are given which is the parameter to judge PARAMETERS and the MILESTONES to be achieved. These MILESTONES have some POINTS allotted. REWARDS: The department head takes the final decision and the branch head gives away the  award to the employees on the ceremony-honoring employee ceremony. 5) TOTB: Every individual in this world has a viewpoint and has an idea or a suggestion waiting to pop out of his/her brain. So if these suggestions or ideas of the employees in  the organization are used in a fruitful and an effective manner can work wonders for an  organization. Thus it is really important to have an idea/suggestion management in an  organization. This scheme of TOTB is a quarterly award. According to this scheme an issue can be put up in the cafeteria and learning center as the employees have a frequent and easy access to these places, and hence the employees can present these ideas and suggestions. Now since collecting and evaluating the ideas is a major work, it can be done through web base applications like: emails, intranet etc. PURPOSE: The TOTB award is THINKING OUT OF THE BOX AWARD. This award is  given to the employee/employees for their capability of giving some much needed  extraordinary suggestion or idea to the branch management, the suggestion which is helps  the management come out of crisis or helps the management to save the maximum and  gets implemented is the best suitable for this award. This award is to foster employee suggestions to improve and cut downs in financial terms which ultimately help in productivity. REWARDS: Department head makes the final decision, and the branch head gives away the  award. 6) ON THE SPOT AWARD: Some deeds of employees on a daily basis are so humble that they need to be  recognized. It is sometimes not possible to recognize every individual on a daily basis,  thus at such time recognizing an individual on the spot is an important and a sensible  thing to do. According to this scheme employees can be awarded: To the employees for their on the spot attitude towards some particular  situation For good and humble gestures towards peer and presence of mind  Throughout PURPOSE: ON THE SPOT award is neither a monthly nor a quarterly award, as the name  suggests it is an on the spot, instant, spontaneous award. It is not even a performance based  award. As per this award the first level managers would recognize the employee. The purpose of this award is to recognize the employees who go extra mile or who  perform above and beyond the call of duty , and many such exceptional courtesies. REWARD: The first level manager or supervisor can recognize the eligible employee, as  he/she can very well observe the employees and their deeds at the working place. PART IV RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDATIONS: Monetary as well as the non-monetary awards both are equally important but the main aim is to reward or recognize employees time to time. The recognitions like congratulatory cards, wall of fame, public applause, public recognition is of great importance. Performance should be considered as the criterion for rewarding   There should be rewards or recognitions such that the employee can get to  celebrated the reward with his family members as well. The managers should make sure that he has one-to-one interactions with their employees and colleagues  Rewards should always be achievable and not out of reach by employees. CONCLUSION Closely related to employee satisfaction and morale, employee motivation may be considered both an action and a status. The action occurs when management takes steps to foster a work environment where employees are self-driven to perform their job tasks at a level that meets or exceeds managements standards. In todays turbulent, often chaotic, environment, commercial success depends on employees using their full talents. Yet in spite of the myriad of available theories and practices, managers often view motivation as something of a mystery. Thus the pertinence of identification of the motivators in the varied spheres of Social, Mental and Physical dimension take precedence. A positive motivation philosophy and practice improves productivity, quality, and service Motivation helps people: Achieve goals; Gain a positive perspective; Create the power to change; Build self-esteem and capability, Manage their own development and help others with theirs.

Comparing Atticus to Jake Essay

To Kill a Mockingbird,? and Jake Brigance, the leading man of ? A Time to Kill,? are both brave, determined lawyers. Though they share some similar techniques in the way they defend their clients, overall their methods as lawyers are quite different. In the courtroom, Atticus? qualities are the same as they are in his everyday life. He takes being a lawyer seriously, and sees it as a calling, rather than a job. He is an experienced lawyer, and uses cross examination to discover that Bob Ewell was left handed, and that Tom Robinson? left arm was unusable ? both crucial pieces of evidence for his case. Jake, on the other hand, is young and inexperienced. Near the beginning of the case, Jake says to Carl Lee, ? We’re going to lose this case, Carl lee. There are no more points of law to argue here. I want to cop a plea, maybe Buckley will cop us a second degree murder and we can get you just life in prison.? He was given assistance by his mentor, Lucius, and used his methods, rath er than his own. However, as it came to the end of the film, Jake learned how to successfully defend Carl Lee on his own. He connected with the jury, realising what would help him win the case. ?Can you see her? Her raped, beaten, broken body soaked in their urine, soaked in their semen, soaked in her blood, left to die. Can you see her? I want you to picture that little girl. Now imagine she’s white.? Atticus? characteristics remain generally constant throughout the book, but he was swayed a little by his sister? s input. He maintained his dignity, even when Bob Ewell spat in his face, saying, ? So if spitting in my face and threatening me saved Mayella Ewell one extra beating, that’s something I’ll gladly take. He had to take it out on somebody and I’d rather it be me than that houseful of children out there.? This persecution is also an example of Atticus being linked to the theme of prejudice in the story. Jake develops dramatically throughout the film. Over time he learned to accept help from Ellen Roark, instead of being proud, and showed self control when tempted by her. He tried to create a true friendship with Carl Lee, and learned to find his own witnesses for the case, instead of relying on his mentor. Jake? family are the most important thing to him, and were the main reason he took the case. ?When I look at her though, I cannot help but think about Tonya,? he said of his young daughter; he didn? t want the same thing to happen to her. He also didn? t compromise his marriage when given the chance. He speaks of truth and from his heart, questioning the courtroom, ? What is it in us that seeks the truth? Is it our minds or is it our hearts Jake also believed in the death pena lty; therefore he was probably not a Christian. Atticus, however, was a brave Christian man with moral values. He was polite and humble, and saw everyone as equals. Scout said of her father, ? It was times like these when I thought my father, who hated guns and had never been to any wars, was the bravest man who ever lived.? Atticus shows that he is above the people of Maycomb when he took Tom Robinson? s case, rather than sharing their racist feelings. However, he still respected their choice; ? They’re certainly entitled to think that, and they’re entitled to full respect for their opinions†¦ ut before I can live with other folks I’ve got to live with myself. The one thing that doesn’t abide by majority rule is a person’s conscience.? Even when he and his family were deemed as outcasts, he didn? t drop his case. He discouraged his children? s prejudiced attitude towards Boo and the other Radleys, because he chose not to believe the rumours that were spread around Maycomb. Jake opposed the rapists? racist and prejudiced attitude towards Negroes and women. He was not dispirited by the behaviours of the jury and injustice of the court system, or manipulated by the KKK. At the end of the film, Jake breaks through and forms a friendship with Carl Lee when he shows him that he cares by taking his family to Carl Lee? s house for a barbeque. Both Atticus and Jake show great character throughout ? To Kill a Mockingbird? and ? A Time to Kill.? While Jake develops significantly during the film, ? A Time to Kill,? Atticus does not develop much throughout ? To Kill a Mockingbird? ; however, he was already a humble, courageous man in the beginning of the story. Both men stick up for what they believe in, and are not swayed by the thoughts and opinions of the townspeople where they live. During his ordeal, Atticus shows greater character than Jake did, because he takes the case more seriously and with dignity. He remains calm, even when things are hard for him. Jake, on the other hand, feels the need to send his family away so that he doesn? t have to worry about them. The reason he took the case in the beginning was because for selfish reasons; because of his feeling of guilt, and not wanting the same thing to happen to his young daughter – rather than taking the case only out of the kindness of his heart, as Atticus did.

Mini Paper

Advance Practice Nursing Jake Freeman University of SST. Francis Abstract This paper primarily explores the article from the Journal of Nursing called â€Å"Demographic Profiles of Certified Nurse-Midwives, Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists, and Nurse Practitioners: Reflections on Implications for Uniform Education and Regulation†. It will also include insight from other resources in support to the information provided by the article preceding.The article will be summarized in regards to Advanced Practice Nursing (PAN) work history within the ultra of nursing and whether or not the Pan's should be mandated to further their education to the doctorate level in order to maintain there positions as Pan's. The paper will also provide a brief analysis by the author in regard to the quality of the paper's content. Keywords: advanced practice nursing, DEN, history of, history, clinical nurse specialist In Summary a Brief History of Advance Practice Nursing Nursing practice has e xpanded exponentially especially in the last 10 years.With aggressive legislation from our nursing leaders, respect, reimbursements, and the right to well deserved leadership has come forth. Although for many of us nurses it may seem as though many of these breakthroughs have spontaneously emerged, yet with a little respect to our roots we need to realize this emergence has been transforming nursing society since the sass's. The recent chaos and disorientation in health care has rendered an opportunity for nurses to take what is theirs, and that is leadership in healthcare.Preventative care has always been a forte of nursing and now it's a realization that it is the best approach to health care today, and that is why we are the leaders. Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists are the pioneers of advance practice nursing as evidenced by the first formal education in 1909 at SST. Vincent Hospital in Portland, OR and have roots dating back to the Civil War while caring for the wounded and administering medicine like ether in the battlefields.Nurse Midwives shortly there after developed formal education in 1932 at the Maternity Center Association in New York and have roots dating back to the times of biblical writings. In 1965 the first formal Nurse Practitioner program was developed at the University of Colorado in collaboration with a physician Dry. Henry Silver and Registered Nurse Loretta Ford. Clinical Specialists devised a program of formal education at Rutgers University in 1954 (Englander et al. , 2006). As you can see advance practice nursing has came a long way and has overcome an insurmountable amount of hurdles.In the Journal of Professional Nursing a study was conducted by Sips, Fullerton, and Schilling (2009) which consisted of a sample survey and was designed to determine 6 categories of gathered information in regards to gender and race, age and years experience, education, employment, practice privileges, and salary. In the article the author aggr essively directs to the possible fact that â€Å"men Leary indicate that they chose nursing because they expected a good salary' (p. 182) and that there was a good possibility that they were inclined to choose nursing to empower themselves rather than their patients.Based on the quality of the study and the amount of professionals that actually participated this finding could be considered loosely based and also offensive to men of the profession. On a more refreshing note it was encouraging to see that Naps have the highest amount of ethnic diversity among the three PAN groups. This will highly contribute to collaboration between Pan's to provide a better understanding of culturally impotent care. Sacra's have longevity in experience, where as Naps are the youngsters of advanced practice, yet will be the largest entity of advanced practice nurses shortly in the future.Currently employment greatly consists of a physician- based practice, although this statistic will most likely cha nge as well in the near future. Unfortunately the study of demographics of the 3 groups of Pan's is loosely associated to the need for Pan's to advance their practice to the doctoral level. There where references to the concern of collegiate faculty and the necessity of doctoral repaper professors to teach doctoral prepared course work. This was in regards to the question whether or not we have enough DEN prepared nurses out there to teach to the masses that might be interested in furthering their credentials.In the time of when the article was written it was reported that there was a drop off of students studying for their PhD. Presently there will be no mandate for a Doctorate in 2015. In this paragraph we will discuss some issues that might have some more relevance to the question of whether or not we need to mandate Naps to DEN status. In the book Advanced Practice Nursing Jansen et al. 2010) makes an empowering statement reminding us of how some or our greatest attributes for e xample: modesty of our clinical skills have actually hindered some of our potential for growth.This example is finely expressed in this statement â€Å"Given the history, philosophy, and values, the concept of power holds ambivalence for many nurses, even Pan's† (p. 80). This statement makes a good realization of maybe how ill adapted we are as nurses coming into a position of such responsibility, which requires the understanding of how to properly utilize power. Instead of concerning ourselves with whether or not he DEN should be mandated maybe nurses need to learn how to harness their currently new development of high stature as autonomous providers.Our undistinguished and unparalleled ethics ironically have provided us with another hurdle that will be easily overcome in the near future as do any hurdles for nursing. Pan's are also in the midst of becoming autonomous in the politics of business and legal aspects of nursing which can be significantly foreign to many new Pan' s Suppers (2015). Not only recently hurdles in politics within nursing have been overcome such as the identity crisis of Can's and attempting to maintain a niche in he nursing profession.While Naps advance into the spotlight due to demand of needed providers that have privileges, Can's struggle to maintain position Cur (1996). In summary it's evident that Pan's still have continued hurdles, yet their achievements come from centuries of hard work from our forefathers that pioneered the practice. In recent times it's evident that the path paved by our forefathers will enable Pan's to evolve into the highest entity of health care. This is a new and exciting perspective of conceptualizing Pan's instead of physicians controlling the direction of health care, but it is now a reality. Mini Paper Advance Practice Nursing Jake Freeman University of SST. Francis Abstract This paper primarily explores the article from the Journal of Nursing called â€Å"Demographic Profiles of Certified Nurse-Midwives, Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists, and Nurse Practitioners: Reflections on Implications for Uniform Education and Regulation†. It will also include insight from other resources in support to the information provided by the article preceding.The article will be summarized in regards to Advanced Practice Nursing (PAN) work history within the ultra of nursing and whether or not the Pan's should be mandated to further their education to the doctorate level in order to maintain there positions as Pan's. The paper will also provide a brief analysis by the author in regard to the quality of the paper's content. Keywords: advanced practice nursing, DEN, history of, history, clinical nurse specialist In Summary a Brief History of Advance Practice Nursing Nursing practice has e xpanded exponentially especially in the last 10 years.With aggressive legislation from our nursing leaders, respect, reimbursements, and the right to well deserved leadership has come forth. Although for many of us nurses it may seem as though many of these breakthroughs have spontaneously emerged, yet with a little respect to our roots we need to realize this emergence has been transforming nursing society since the sass's. The recent chaos and disorientation in health care has rendered an opportunity for nurses to take what is theirs, and that is leadership in healthcare.Preventative care has always been a forte of nursing and now it's a realization that it is the best approach to health care today, and that is why we are the leaders. Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists are the pioneers of advance practice nursing as evidenced by the first formal education in 1909 at SST. Vincent Hospital in Portland, OR and have roots dating back to the Civil War while caring for the wounded and administering medicine like ether in the battlefields.Nurse Midwives shortly there after developed formal education in 1932 at the Maternity Center Association in New York and have roots dating back to the times of biblical writings. In 1965 the first formal Nurse Practitioner program was developed at the University of Colorado in collaboration with a physician Dry. Henry Silver and Registered Nurse Loretta Ford. Clinical Specialists devised a program of formal education at Rutgers University in 1954 (Englander et al. , 2006). As you can see advance practice nursing has came a long way and has overcome an insurmountable amount of hurdles.In the Journal of Professional Nursing a study was conducted by Sips, Fullerton, and Schilling (2009) which consisted of a sample survey and was designed to determine 6 categories of gathered information in regards to gender and race, age and years experience, education, employment, practice privileges, and salary. In the article the author aggr essively directs to the possible fact that â€Å"men Leary indicate that they chose nursing because they expected a good salary' (p. 182) and that there was a good possibility that they were inclined to choose nursing to empower themselves rather than their patients.Based on the quality of the study and the amount of professionals that actually participated this finding could be considered loosely based and also offensive to men of the profession. On a more refreshing note it was encouraging to see that Naps have the highest amount of ethnic diversity among the three PAN groups. This will highly contribute to collaboration between Pan's to provide a better understanding of culturally impotent care. Sacra's have longevity in experience, where as Naps are the youngsters of advanced practice, yet will be the largest entity of advanced practice nurses shortly in the future.Currently employment greatly consists of a physician- based practice, although this statistic will most likely cha nge as well in the near future. Unfortunately the study of demographics of the 3 groups of Pan's is loosely associated to the need for Pan's to advance their practice to the doctoral level. There where references to the concern of collegiate faculty and the necessity of doctoral repaper professors to teach doctoral prepared course work. This was in regards to the question whether or not we have enough DEN prepared nurses out there to teach to the masses that might be interested in furthering their credentials.In the time of when the article was written it was reported that there was a drop off of students studying for their PhD. Presently there will be no mandate for a Doctorate in 2015. In this paragraph we will discuss some issues that might have some more relevance to the question of whether or not we need to mandate Naps to DEN status. In the book Advanced Practice Nursing Jansen et al. 2010) makes an empowering statement reminding us of how some or our greatest attributes for e xample: modesty of our clinical skills have actually hindered some of our potential for growth.This example is finely expressed in this statement â€Å"Given the history, philosophy, and values, the concept of power holds ambivalence for many nurses, even Pan's† (p. 80). This statement makes a good realization of maybe how ill adapted we are as nurses coming into a position of such responsibility, which requires the understanding of how to properly utilize power. Instead of concerning ourselves with whether or not he DEN should be mandated maybe nurses need to learn how to harness their currently new development of high stature as autonomous providers.Our undistinguished and unparalleled ethics ironically have provided us with another hurdle that will be easily overcome in the near future as do any hurdles for nursing. Pan's are also in the midst of becoming autonomous in the politics of business and legal aspects of nursing which can be significantly foreign to many new Pan' s Suppers (2015). Not only recently hurdles in politics within nursing have been overcome such as the identity crisis of Can's and attempting to maintain a niche in he nursing profession.While Naps advance into the spotlight due to demand of needed providers that have privileges, Can's struggle to maintain position Cur (1996). In summary it's evident that Pan's still have continued hurdles, yet their achievements come from centuries of hard work from our forefathers that pioneered the practice. In recent times it's evident that the path paved by our forefathers will enable Pan's to evolve into the highest entity of health care. This is a new and exciting perspective of conceptualizing Pan's instead of physicians controlling the direction of health care, but it is now a reality.